By David G. Zeitoun
Régions
Lake Kinneret, the only natural freshwater lake in Israel is located in the northern part of the Dead Sea rift in the Afro-Syrian rift valley. The drainage basin of the lake covers an area of 2,700 square kilometers and includes the western slopes of the Hermon Mountain, the southeastern areas of the Lebanese mountains, the eastern Galilee, Golan Heights and the Hula valley. Water level of Lake Kinneret varies between 209 and 215 m below sea level.
At the highest water level the lake surface area is 168 square kilometers, the maximal water depth is 46 m and the lake volume is 4,150 million cubic meters (MCM). The average depth of the lake is 25 m.
Israel's National Water Carrier, built in 1964, transports water from the lake to the population centers of Israel, and is the source of much of the country's drinking water. Today, the lake Kinneret provides 33% of the total Israel water demand.
In 1964, Syria attempted construction of a Headwater Diversion Plan that would have blocked the flow of water into the Kineret Lake, sharply reducing the water flow into the lake. This project and Israel's attempt to block these efforts in 1965 were factors which played into regional tensions culminating in the 1967 Six-Day War. During the war, Israel captured the Golan Heights, which contain some of the sources of water for the Sea of Galilee.
Increasing water demand and dry winters have resulted in stress on the lake and a decreasing water line to dangerously low levels at times. The Sea of Galilee is at risk of becoming irreversibly salinized by the salt water springs under the lake, which are held in check by the weight of the freshwater on top of them.
The Israeli government monitors water levels and publishes the results daily. The level over the past eight years can be retrieved from that site. By early April 2012, having risen almost two meters over the winter, the water level of the Kinneret was at its highest level in five years. The Water Authority partly attributes the improvement to the expansion of desalination technology as a water resource.
The need for the Israel authority to control and manage the drainage basin of the Lake Kineret was a main obstacle to a peace agreement with Syria.
In the future, the building of desalination plants as a water resources for agriculture will decrease the need of the water lake and then give new opportunities for peace agreement.
Professeur en Gestion des ressources naturelles, hydrologie et mathématiques appliquées
Diplômé de l'Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées
Docteur en Mathématiques
Professeur à l'ESG
Auteur de The Analysis of Subsidence in Bangkok Area and its Vicinity, 2009